Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What is the most important thing for a tramp?

    It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
    Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or stead occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of my even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

New words and expressions 生词和短语

     philosopher
n.   哲学家

     wisdom
n.   智慧

     priest
n.   牧师

     spiritual
adj. 精神上的

     grudge
v.   不愿给，舍不得给

     surgeon
n.   外科大夫

     passer-by
n.   过路人（复数 passers-by)

     dignity
n.   尊严

     deliberately
adv. 故意地

     consequence
n.   后果，结果

     afflict
v.   使苦恼，折磨

     ease
n.   容易

     nature
n.   大自然

     contempt
n.   蔑视的

     envious
adj. 嫉妒的    

参考译文

    据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。
    在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？

New words and expression 生词和短语

Philosopher  n.哲学家

Wisdom  n.智慧 （wise  adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）

-- He showed great wisdom.  他展示了非凡的智慧。

-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.

cut one's wisdom teeth  开始懂事

Priest  n.牧师

Spiritual  adj.精神上的（adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的）

-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要

spirited  adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的

-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩

-- low-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的

-- public-spirited 热心公益的, a spirited debate 热烈的辩论

mental  adj.心理的, 智力的

physical  adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的

spirituous  adj.酒精的, 含酒精的（liquor n.酒类）  -- spirituous liquor 烈性酒

Grudge  v.不愿给, 舍不得给

surgeon   n.外科大夫

passer-by  n.过路人（复数 passers-by）

dignity  n.尊严（高贵）

lose one's dignity  丢面子, 失去尊严

-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.

-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她虽然很穷, 但没有失去她的尊严。

Keep/stand on one's dignity 保持自已的尊严

pocket one's dignity  [口]放下架子

with great dignity 仪态大方

-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.

太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。

Dignify  vt.使有尊严, 使高贵

Dignified  adj.高贵的，有尊严的

deliberately  adv.故意地（深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的）

on purpose  adv.故意

-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.

consequence  n.后果, 结果

in consequence  因此, 结果

in consequence of...  因为...的缘故, 由于

take the consequences of…  承担…责任

-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.

Result  一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果

Effect  n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响

Outcome  n.结果, 成果（自然的结果）

-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 当时大选的结果还看不准。

afflict  v.使苦恼, 折磨

be afflicted with…  受…的折磨

-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)

affliction  n.痛苦, 苦恼  afflictive  adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的

ease  n.容易

with ease  熟练地, 轻而易举地

at ease  安逸, 自由自在  be/feel ill at ease  局促不安, 心神不宁

put sb. at his ease  使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束

-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. （shop assistant  n.店员）

take one's ease  安心, 放心  -- I take my ease to study English here.

nature  n.大自然

contempt  n.蔑视

in contempt of…  不顾…  -- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.（objection  n.反对）

hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙视某人 = look down upon sb

-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.

Contemptible  adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的   -- He is a contemptible person.

Contemptuous  adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的

Despite  n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱

Scorn（n.轻蔑, 嘲笑）

-- pour scorn on 不屑一顾, 嘲弄

Scornful（adj.轻视的，藐视的）

-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.

他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。

envious  adj.嫉妒的（羡慕的）

-- be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb's success

忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功

jealous  adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的  -- She is jealous of our success.  她嫉妒我们的成就。

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